Who was T.E. Lawrence?
Archaeologist, Military Strategist and writer.
Date and Place of Birth:
16th August 1888, Tremadoc, Caernarvonshire,
Wales. Christened Thomas Edward Lawrence.
Family Background:
Second son of five of Sir Thomas Chapman and
Sarah Maden, the Governess of Sir Thomas's daughters at Westmeath,
Ireland.
Education:
Oxford High School. Jesus College, Oxford.
Chronology/Biography of Lawrence of Arabia:
1909: Visited Palestine
and Syria.
1910: Joined an archaeological
dig in Syria.
1911-1914: Stayed
in Syria and learnt Arabic fluently. He had empathy for the Arabs
who had been under the rule of the Turks for centuries.
1914: Lawrence explored
northern Sinai as part of an expedition and secretly carried out
reconnaissance for the government. At the start of the First World
War he became an intelligence agent in Cairo.
1916: The Arab revolt
against Turkey began and this was assisted by Britain as Turkey
was an ally of Germany. Lawrence was made the liaison officer to
Feisal the son of the Sherif Hussein of Mecca who was the leaser
of the revolt. Lawrence advised on guerilla warfare tactics which
meant the Tuks were pinned down and couldn't be effective against
the regular allied forces led by General Edward Allenby.
1917: (June) The
Arab forces seized Aqaba, a strategically important port. on the
Red Sea. Thereafter they pushed northwards.
1918: (October) Fall
of Damascus. Lawrence represented the Arabs at both the London and
Paris peace conferences although the British and the French had
done a deal beforehand denying the arabs self-rule. Lawrence became
disillusioned. By now Lawrence was a national figure given wider
publicity by the American journalist Lowell Thomas.
1919: Paris Peace
conference and begins drafting Seven Pillars although the manuscript
is stolen when it was almost completed. Takes up a fellowship at
All Souls College and lectures in London.
1921: Winston
Churchill then Colonial Secretary appointed Lawrence as an adviser
on Arab Affairs. Organises the Cairo Conference and helps Churchill
draw up a settlement in Trans Jordan. Attempts to negotiate with
the Hedjaz.
.
1922: He resigned
as an adviser to Churchill and joined the Royal Air Force under
an assumed name of J. H. Ross in order to try and find anonymity.
He is sent for basic training at Uxbridge, and then to the School
of Photography at Farnborough. His secret is printed in the newspapers.
1923: He worked briefly
for the Royal Tank Corps again under an assumed name to avoid the
attention of the Press.
1924: Begins work
on a revised abridgement of "Seven Pillars of Wisdom".
1926: At Cranwell
he completes the subscribers' edition of "Seven Pillars of
Wisdom and publishes an abridgement entitles "Revolt in the
Desert".
1928: Completes his
book "The Mint" which is about life in the ranks of the
Royal Air Force. November 1928 .Is granted a five-year extension
to his enlistment in the RAF. Fictional reports appear in the British
newspapers and then the Indian press that Lawrence is spying in
Afghanistan for the British disguised as a Moslem spiritual guide
called a Pir.
1929: Returns to
England. Buys the house called Cloud's Hill. Posted to RAF Cattewater
near Plymouth under the Commanding Officer, Sydney Smith. Lawrence
had already known Smith from the Cairo Conference and become friends.
Lawrence worked as Smith's personal assistant organising the 1929
Schneider Trophy seaplane contest.
1932: Goes to the
play "Too Good To Be True" by George
Bernard Shaw in which he is satirised as 'Private Meek'.
1933: Bored with
life in the R.A.F. Lawrence asks for a discharge but once this is
written about in the "Daily Mail" he is posted to the
RAF Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment at Felixstowe.
1934: "T. E.
Lawrence in Arabia and After" written by Liddell Hart is published.
Moves to Bridlington to supervise the winter overhaul of ten fast
R.A.F. boats.
1935: (February)
Lawrence leaves the R.A.F.
T.E. Lawrence's House in London, 14 Barton Street.
(© Anthony Blagg)
Written Works:
- 1915:
"The Wilderness of Zin."
- 1926: "The
Seven Pillars of Wisdom". (published privately)
- 1928: "The
Mint"
- 1932: Translation
of Homer's Odyssey.
Marriage:
Never married.
Places of Interest:
LONDON:
Lived at 14 Barton Street.
Date and Place of Death:
19th May 1935, Clouds Hill, Dorset, England after
a motorcycle accident.
Age at Death:
47.
Site of Grave:
St. Nicholas’s Church, Moreton, Dorset,
England.
